Laravel 小技巧

2017-03-06 tech php laravel 34 mins 12148 字

本文节选自50分钟学会Laravel 50个小技巧,有修改。针对Laravel 5.1 版本。

一共分为8篇

Model篇
Eloquent ORM篇
Blade篇
集合篇
中间件/服务篇
路由篇
其他篇
测试篇

Model 篇

model自动检验字段合法性

 class User extends Eloquent
 {
     public static $autoValidate = true;
     protected static $rules = [
         'email' => 'required|between:6,255|email|unique:backend_users',
         'login' => 'required|between:2,255|unique:backend_users',
         'password' => 'required:create|between:4,255|confirmed',
         'password_confirmation' => 'required_with:password|between:4,255'
     ];
    
     protected static function boot()
     {
         parent::boot();
         // You can also replace this with static::creating or static::updating
         static::saving(function ($model) {
             if($model::$autoValidate) {
    
                 return $model->validate();
             }
         });
     }
    
     public function validate() { }
 }

用trait创建通用方法

 trait CrudTrait
 {
     /**
      * 创建实例
      *
      * @author kelvinblood <admin@kelu.org>
      * @param array $array
      * @return mixed
      */
     public static function createInstance(Array $array)
     {
         $className = get_called_class();
         $newClass = new $className();
         foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
             $newClass->$key = $value;
         }
         $newClass->save();

         return $className::find($newClass->uuid);
     }
 }

uuid作为主键

  use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
     
  trait UUIDModel
  {
      public $incrementing = false;
      protected static function boot()
      {
          parent::boot();
          static::creating(function ($model) {
              $key = $model->getKeyName();
              if(empty($model->{$key})) {
                  $model->{$key} = (string)$model->generateNewId();
              }
          });
      }

      public function generateNewUuid()
      {
          return Uuid::uuid4();
      }
  }

简单的加减数字

这样就可以省去读取、赋值和 save 操作了。

 $customer = Customer::find($customer_id);
 $loyalty_points = $customer->loyalty_points + 50;
 $customer->update(['loyalty_points' => $loyalty_points]);
    
 // adds one loyalty point
    
 Customer::find($customer_id)->increment('loyalty_points', 50);
 // subtracts one loyalty point
    
 Customer::find($customer_id)->decrement('loyalty_points', 50);

为model添加多余字段

嗯，这个方法算是取巧，也很实用。

 function getFullNameAttribute()
 {
     return $this->first_name . ' ' . $this->last_name;
 }

保存model时返回关系

 public function store()
 {
     $post = new Post;
     $post->fill(Input::all());
     $post->user_id = Auth::user()->user_id;
     $post->user;
     return $post->save();
  }

同时新建model和migration.
```
  php artisan make:model Books -m
```

Eloquent ORM 篇

有条件的关联关系

 class myModel extents Model
 {
      public function category()
      {
      return $this->belongsTo('myCategoryModel', 'categories_id')->where('users_id', Auth::user()->id);
      }
 }

可排序的关联关系

 class Category extends Model
  {
      public function products()
      {
          return $this->hasMany('App\Product')->orderBy('name');
      }
  }        

仅显示关联关系存在的数据

  class Category extends Model
  {
      public function products()
      {
          return $this->hasMany('App\Product');
      }
  }
     
  public function getIndex()
  {
      $categories = Category::with('products')->has('products')->get();
      return view('categories.index', compact('categories'));
  }

Where的语法表达式

真是够奇葩的，呵呵ε=(･д･｀*)ﾊｧ…

 $products = Product::where('category', '=', 3)->get();
 $products = Product::where('category', 3)->get();
 $products = Product::whereCategory(3)->get();        

Query Builder 的 havingRaw 方法

 SELECT *, COUNT(*) FROM products GROUP BY category_id HAVING count(*) > 1;
    
 DB::table('products')
     ->select('*', DB::raw('COUNT(*) as products_count'))
     ->groupBy('category_id')
     ->having('products_count', '>', 1)
     ->get();
 Product::groupBy('category_id')->havingRaw('COUNT(*) > 1')->get();

日期筛选

 $q->whereDate('created_at', date('Y-m-d'));
 $q->whereDay('created_at', date('d'));
 $q->whereMonth('created_at', date('m'));
 $q->whereYear('created_at', date('Y'));

随机取数据

 $questions = Question::orderByRaw('RAND()')->take(10)->get();

只取特定字段lists

$employees = Employee::where('branch_id', 9)->get()->lists('full_name', 'id');

Blade 篇

获取数组首尾的元素

 //hide all but the first item
 @foreach ($menu as $item)
 <div @if ($item != reset($menu)) class="hidden" @endif>
 <h2>\{\{ $item->title }}</h2>
      </div>
 @endforeach

  //apply css to last item only
  @foreach ($menu as $item)
 <div @if ($item == end($menu)) class="no_margin" @endif> 
 <h2>\{\{ $item->title }}</h2>
  </div>
 @endforeach

自定义错误页面

 <?php 
 namespace App\Exceptions; 
 use Exception; 
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler; 
 use Symfony\Component\Debug\ExceptionHandler as SymfonyDisplayer; 
 class Handler extends ExceptionHandler { 
     protected function convertExceptionToResponse(Exception $e) {
         $debug = config('app.debug', false); 
         if($debug) { 
             return (new SymfonyDisplayer($debug))->createResponse($e);
         }
    
         return response()->view('errors.default', ['exception' => $e], 500);
     }
 }

集合篇

集合筛选

 $customers = Customer::all();
 $us_customers = $customers->filter(function ($customer) {
     return $customer->country == 'United States';
 });
    
 $non_uk_customers = $customers->reject(function ($customer) {
     return $customer->country == 'United Kingdom';
 });

find,where

 $collection = App\Person::find([1, 2, 3]);
 $collection = App\Person::all();
 $programmers = $collection->where('type', 'programmer');
 $critic = $collection->where('type', 'critic');
 $engineer = $collection->where('type', 'engineer');

closures排序

 $collection = collect([
     ['name' => 'Desk'],
     ['name' => 'Chair'],
     ['name' => 'Bookcase']
 ]);

 $sorted = $collection->sortBy(function ($product, $key) {
     return array_search($product['name'], [1 => 'Bookcase', 2 => 'Desk', 3 => 'Chair']);
 });

提取数组的值作为键

 $library = $books->keyBy('title');
    
 [
     'Lean Startup' => ['title' => 'Lean Startup', 'price' => 10],
     'The One Thing' => ['title' => 'The One Thing', 'price' => 15],
     'Laravel: Code Bright' => ['title' => 'Laravel: Code Bright', 'price' => 20],
     'The 4-Hour Work Week' => ['title' => 'The 4-Hour Work Week', 'price' => 5],
 ]

collection unions

没明白。

 // the point is to actually combine results from different models
 $programmers = \App\Person::where('type', 'programmer')->get();
 $critic = \App\Person::where('type', 'critic')->get();
 $engineer = \App\Person::where('type', 'engineer')->get();

 $collection = new Collection;

 $all = $collection->merge($programmers)->merge($critic)->merge($engineer);

collection lookaheads

没明白。

 $collection = collect([1 => 11, 5 => 13, 12 => 14, 21 => 15])->getCachingIterator();
 foreach ($collection as $key => $value) {
     dump($collection->current() . ':' . $collection->getInnerIterator()->current());
 }

中间件/服务篇

共享cookies

 // app/Http/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php
 protected $except = [
     'shared_cookie'
    
 ];
    
 Cookie::queue('shared_cookie', 'my_shared_value', 10080, null, '.example.com');

有条件的Provider

 // app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
 public function register()
 {
     $this->app->bind('Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Registrar', 'App\Services\Registrar');
    
     if($this->app->environment('production')) {
         $this->app->register('App\Providers\ProductionErrorHandlerServiceProvider');
     } else {
         $this->app->register('App\Providers\VerboseErrorHandlerServiceProvider');
     }
 }

路由篇

嵌套路由

 Route::group(['prefix' => 'account', 'as' => 'account.'], function () {
    
     Route::get('login', ['as' => 'login', 'uses' => 'AccountController@getLogin']);
     Route::get('register', ['as' => 'register', 'uses' => 'AccountController@getRegister']);
    
     Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function () {
         Route::get('edit', ['as' => 'edit', 'uses' => 'AccountController@getEdit']);
     });
    
 });
    
 <a href="\{\{ route('account.login') }}">Login</a>`
 <a href="\{\{ route('account.register') }}">Register</a>`
 <a href="\{\{ route('account.edit') }}">Edit Account</a>`

匹配所有路由

 // app/Http/routes.php
    
 Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function () {
     Route::get('{view}', function ($view) {
         try {
             return view($view);
         } catch (\Exception $e) {
             abort(404);
         }
     })->where('view', '.*');
 });

其他篇

Model支持多语言

 // database/migrations/create_articles_table.php
 public function up()
 {
   Schema::create('articles', function (Blueprint $table) {
       $table->increments('id');
       $table->boolean('online');
       $table->timestamps();
   });
 }

 //database/migrations/create_articles_table.php
 public function up()
 {
   $table->increments('id');
   $table->integer('article_id')->unsigned();
   $table->string('locale')->index();
   $table->string('name');
   $table->text('text');
   $table->unique(['article_id', 'locale']);
   $table->foreign('article_id')->references('id')->on('articles')->onDelete('cascade');

 }

 // app/Article.php
 class Article extends Model
 {
   use \Dimsav\Translatable\Translatable;
   public $translatedAttributes = ['name', 'text'];
 }

 // app/ArticleTranslation.php
 class ArticleTranslation extends Model
 {
   public $timestamps = false;
 }

 // app/http/routes.php

 Route::get('{locale}', function ($locale) {
   app()->setLocale($locale);
   $article = Article::first();
   return view('article')->with(compact('article'));
 });

 // resources/views/article.blade.php

 <h1>\{\{ $article->name }}</h1>

 \{\{ $article->text }}        

定时清理日志

 $schedule->call(function () {
     Storage::delete($logfile);
 })->weekly();

pipeling

 $result = (new Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline($container)
     ->send($something)
     ->through('ClassOne', 'ClassTwo', 'ClassThree')
     ->then(function ($something) {
         return 'foo';
     });

测试篇

环境变量

 // phpunit.xml
    
 <php>
     <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
     <env name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/>
     <env name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/>
     <env name="QUEUE_DRIVER" value="sync"/>
     <env name="DB_DATABASE" value=":memory:"/>
     <env name="DB_CONNECTION" value="sqlite"/>
     <env name="TWILIO_FROM_NUMBER" value="+15005550006"/>
 </php>
    
    
 //	.env.test – add to .gitignore
 TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID = fillmein
 TWILIO_ACCOUNT_TOKEN = fillmein
    
    
 //	access directly from your tests using helper function
 env('TWILIO_ACCOUNT_TOKEN');
    
    
  // tests/TestCase.php 
  <?php 
  class TestCase extends Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase { 
     
  /** 
  * The base URL to use while testing the application. 
  * 
  * @var string 
  */ 
  protected $baseUrl = 'http://localhost'; 
  /** 
  * Creates the application. 
  * 
  * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Application 
  */ 
  public function createApplication() { 
      $app = require __DIR__ . '/../bootstrap/app.php';
      if(file_exists(dirname(__DIR__) . '/.env.test')) {
         Dotenv::load(dirname(__DIR__), '.env.test'); 
      } 
         
      $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
                 
      return $app;
  }   }

自动测试

 // gulpfile.js

  var elixir = require('laravel-elixir');

  mix.phpUnit();

  $ gulp tdd